It is impossible for the bourgeoisie of the Ming Dynasty to be revolutionary. It is impossible to make revolution in this life, and it will not choose revolution in the next life.

Historically, the bourgeois revolution broke out in England for one direct reason: the king was preventing nobles and businessmen from making money!

And what is the situation in Ming Dynasty today?

Officials and businessmen collude in collusion, emptying the country at the top and exploiting the people at the bottom. A series of policies promulgated by the court are all beneficial to businessmen, so the bourgeoisie is still revolutionary. Are they going to revolutionize their own lives?

Moreover, the Ming Dynasty's government was highly centralized, with a vast territory and a large population. How could it be compared to Britain, which had a scarce population, a narrow territory, and a powerful feudal aristocracy at that time? Even if you want to revolutionize, it is impossible to succeed!

The British bourgeois revolution seems to be very noble.

It was just to make the king obedient and the bourgeoisie gain more benefits. One of the consequences of this was the intensification of the land enclosure movement. At that time, the king did not support the land enclosure movement because he also wanted to collect rent from the farmers. After all,

It is easier to exploit farmers than businessmen.

But after the success of the British bourgeois revolution, the enclosure movement began. The life of the farmers became more difficult than before...

If this kind of thing were done in the Ming Dynasty, hehe, the bourgeoisie would definitely not be able to deal with it. Because there are too many peasants, and hundreds of thousands of rogue bandits can easily cause chaos for you. How can the bourgeoisie have the ability to suppress it?

Just like Ming Dynasty's overseas colonies, their nature is also different from European colonies.

When the United States became independent, how many immigrants were there in the Americas? The British could simply send tens of thousands of people there and they could suppress the colonies. If France hadn't stabbed them in the back, it would have been impossible for the United States to succeed in becoming independent.

Just like after Washington became president, farmers rioted in Pennsylvania because of tax increases.

Washington used the national army, but it was impossible to suppress it. In the end, he had to form a militia group and finally put an end to the peasant uprising. Guess how many peasants were suppressed, a total of 150 were arrested!

These are completely two forms of development.

The Yinzhou immigrants of the Ming Dynasty liked intensive farming, and the colony's population density was very high. Even when planting cash crops such as sisal, the Han immigrants were reluctant to waste land and liked to interplant some grains or vegetables.

British immigrants to the Americas liked to build large farms, and the farmers also liked to raise slaves. Each slave had to cultivate more than 100 acres of land. This was purely a result of extensive planting and poor harvest.

Take the Chen family of Shengzhou as an example. No matter how many muskets he has, he can raise an army of 100,000 at any time. It is far away from the ocean and the terrain is complex. How should the Ming court suppress it?

The Ming Dynasty’s bourgeois development route was completely different from that of Western European countries.

If we have to compare, it is somewhat similar to Tsarist Russia before the October Revolution: the agricultural population accounts for the vast majority of the country's population, the proportion of industrial output is not as high as that of Tsarist Russia at that time, and industry is mainly concentrated in a few large cities.

What is the scariest thing about Ming Dynasty?

There are two points.

First, more than 300 years after the founding of the People's Republic of China, land annexation has become extremely serious, and vested interests have monopolized politics, land and voice. Please contact the United States after 2008.

Second, there is no external pressure or strong competitors. Tianzhu and Luzon are both younger brothers at this time. This is different from the fierce competition in Europe. If you don’t change or develop, you will die. In the comfortable environment of Ming Dynasty, technology and

Thoughts progress very slowly.

As for the separation of powers and the ideas of liberal democracy, it is impossible to become mainstream in traditional China.

China's traditional political system may use the separation of three powers, but it is just a use and cannot be used as a governing thought. For ancient Chinese governing thoughts, you can refer to the "Huangdi Neijing". The heart is the emperor, the lungs are the prime minister, and the separation of the three powers is based on other organs.

no big deal.

Freedom? Now that we are free, how can we maintain the patriarchal clan?

Democracy? When democracy is developed to its extreme, it becomes populism. The minority kidnaps the majority. How can the country reach a consensus?

At least in terms of democracy, Wang Yuanzhen feels unreliable.

After he resigned and returned home, he was invited by his friends to help manage Utopia. It was an experimental work created by some members of the Datong Society who raised funds. By purchasing and replacing land, they controlled the territory of several villages, and then used it according to their ideals.

model to govern.

It included content similar to democracy, but its implementation was a complete mess. Everyone had their own ideas and interests. In the end, Utopia was disbanded, and Wang Yuanzhen fell out with her friends because of this.

Constitutional monarchy?

Presidential change?

Sorry, these two things are against basic human nature. Unless they are successful in some countries and these countries are still developing and strong, there is no way to promote them on a large scale.

Constitutional monarchy only applies to small countries, and overseas colonies do not count.

The change of president is purely a historical accident and is exported to the outside world as the United States becomes stronger.

The American Revolutionary War was caused by a group of factory owners, farmers and smugglers who wanted to obtain more profits. They could not find a suitable commander for the war, so the military genius Washington was forced to go to the shelf. Washington's military talents were all

Focusing on escape success rate and luck, his main combat experience is bullying Indians.

With the help of France, the United States gained independence, and then the situation was very embarrassing.

After independence, the United States had no tax collection system and could not afford to support the army. Military commander Washington did not want to make a mess anymore, and because his family's more than 40,000 acres of land failed to harvest, he hurried back to his hometown to take care of plantations.

Next, the northern and southern factions argued endlessly.

A group of capitalists in the north want to establish a big government and collect more taxes to repay the debts of the War of Independence. A group of farmers in the south want to establish a small government, but they are unwilling to pay taxes anyway and each takes care of their own one-third of an acre of land.

Both sides were confused and suddenly thought of Washington, so they asked Washington to come back and take charge of the overall situation.

Washington is presiding over a crappy situation. The country's annual tax revenue is only 1,000 pounds. It can't even support the army. At one time, it had to disband the army. This army is nonsense. It can't handle hundreds of peasant uprisings, and Washington has to temporarily recruit militia groups to suppress it.

The North and the South are still quarreling. Washington's two assistants each represent the interests of the North and the South. Washington's brain is blown by their quarrel.

What the hell is a president doing who can't get any benefits?

Moreover, Washington suffered from severe toothache, and only one tooth fell out of his mouth. He did not even want to talk much during the presidential inaugural speech, let alone argue with his two assistants. Washington’s tens of thousands of acres of land were also lost due to lack of management.

If you can't make ends meet, you might as well not be president and go home and be a farmer.

This is the reason why Washington only served as president for eight years, and it became a routine. It was purely a historical coincidence of various factors colliding together.

As for the U.S. Constitution's express stipulation that the president can only serve two terms, that happened after Roosevelt's death. Before 1951, the U.S. president could in principle be re-elected indefinitely, but two terms were regarded as just an unspoken rule.

If it can bring huge benefits to itself instead of endless troubles, do you think Washington will let the president die?

…

In the seventh year of Pingning, cotton farmers in Shandong revolted, but the imperial court was unable to suppress it.

The Huang family in Shandong, which owns 4 million acres of land, is the descendant of Huang Chongde who supplied cotton to Wang Yuan. He funded his own team training and gradually became the master of Shandong.

But what is interesting is that the Huang family in Shandong had no intention of being independent and wanted to continue doing business in the Ming Dynasty.

After all, for aristocratic families, they have plenty of wealth and power, and they have been officials for many generations. Why do they want to engage in such a high-risk industry as rebellion?

This is the bourgeoisie of the Ming Dynasty, which has no desire for revolution and only wants to maintain the status quo forever.

Huang Zongde was awarded the title of General Soldier of Shandong because of his meritorious service in quelling the rebellion and being a member of the court.

The imperial court dispatched the Huang family troops to Liaoning to suppress the rebel generals. Huang Zongde immediately went there and fought hard. The Northeast military generals who respected themselves for supporting the invaders were very unhappy, so they united with the rebel generals to fight against the rebel generals, and the Huang family army returned in defeat.

In the eighth year of Pingning, the Miao people in Guizhou revolted, and Wang Meng's descendants established a regiment training. Because of his achievements in quelling the rebellion and having someone in the court, he was promoted to the rank of General Soldier of Guizhou.

Yes, there is someone in the Wang family!

Prince Consort Wang Su was granted the title of Marquis of Zunhua by Zhu Zaiyi for his improvement in steel-making technology and equipment, and was hereditary.

Currently, one of Wang Che's descendants is the Left Minister of the Ministry of Works, and the other is the Yushi of the Right Qiandu.

Among Wang Qi's descendants, one is currently a doctor in the Ministry of Civil Affairs, one is a minister of Taichang Temple, and one is a political candidate in Fujian Zuo.

They are all unfilial descendants who do not care about the merits of their ancestors. They have turned into loyal ministers and good generals who are the worms of the country. They have no way to get high in this world. Even if they enter the central government, they will sit on the bench.

At the beginning, Wang Yuan worked hard to clear the fields in Gyeonggi Province, but now Wang Yuan's descendants have become big landowners in Gyeonggi Province!

In the ninth year of Pingning, three major regiment training forces emerged in Sichuan, one of which was the son-in-law of a descendant of Huang E's natal family. Although the civil unrest in Sichuan subsided, the three major regiment training forces fought with each other and fought bloody battles around Fushun, a salt-producing land.

In the same year, Shaanxi was devastated by the peasant army, and tens of thousands of people began to pour into Shanxi.

Shanxi merchants did not betray their country this time, but became active protectors of the Ming Dynasty.

Shanxi woolen merchants were afraid that their factories would be occupied by the rebels, so they recruited village warriors for team training and fought against the large number of peasant soldiers. However, Shanxi farmers were infected by the Shaanxi rebels and responded to the uprising one after another, because their lives could not be lived.

Went down.

In the tenth year of Pingning, the Mobei Mongols took advantage of the situation and invaded. Tens of thousands of cavalry attacked Hetao and Jining, but were beaten by the border troops in the two towns until they fled.

However, the three major border towns of Ningxia, Hetao, and Jining, due to long-term arrears of food payments and consecutive poor harvests, started large-scale mutinies after driving away the Mongols. As for the cause, the imperial court's rewards were unfair, and the soldiers believed that

No silver reward.

The three major border towns of the Ming Dynasty actually imitated the Mongols and joined forces to plunder Shanxi. If they didn't plunder food, they would starve to death!

The Shanxi merchant regiments are going crazy. They have to fight the Shaanxi Peasant Army and the Shanxi Peasant Army, and now they have to deal with the regular armies of the three major border towns. To make matters worse, their woolen raw materials come from the border towns, and now the factory

It's all so difficult that we can't even start work.

Then, a strange phenomenon happened.

The Shanxi merchant regiments were disbanded on a large scale. Shanxi merchants replaced the imperial court and distributed food and salary to the officers and soldiers of the three towns, and then sent the officers and soldiers of the three towns to fight the peasant army.

The various peasant armies suffered a disastrous defeat and were forced to flee to Henan, causing the farmers in Henan to also rebel.

There are certainly coercion situations, but there are also many spontaneous uprisings by farmers in Henan, because the imperial court has not built dams for 20 years, and the Yellow River just overflowed last year, and the lives of ordinary people in Henan are also difficult.

The peasant army made a mess in Henan and was unable to break through Kaifeng. Instead, it moved north to Zhili and Shandong, and was defeated by King Qin's army and Tuanlian of Shandong respectively.

The Ming Dynasty, which was riddled with holes, seemed to be settling down again.

In the 11th year of Pingning, Shanxi woolen merchants no longer provided military pay to the border towns, and the military generals in the border towns were unwilling to spend their own money to buy food.

During the Hetao mutiny, the general was killed, and the imperial court urgently mobilized the Ningxia border troops to suppress it.
To be continued...