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After more than 160 years of the founding of the Song Dynasty, Confucianism has developed greatly. Among them, there is a distinctive feature in early thought, that is, the coexistence of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism. At that time, because there was a tolerant environment for dynasty politics outside and the close and compatible content of the three religions inside, a situation where Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, which mainly worships the Way of Huang and Lao, coexist...

Later, Zhou Dunyi joined Confucianism and founded the school. In his later years, Zhou Dunyi settled in Lushan Mountain and built a book hall to teach at Lotus Peak. A stream emerged from the Lotus Peak and flowed through the Book Hall. He named it after the Stream River in his hometown, and called this stream and the Book Hall a stream. Later generations called Mr. Daxi, calling his school a school.

"Although Zhou Dunyi founded the school, it was not highly praised by people and his academic status was not high. Most people only know that he was a master of politics and outstanding official career, especially his ambitions in the mountains and forests, free and easy mind, and had a fairy-like spirit. No one knew his superb achievements in Confucianism." Zhao Mingcheng said, "There were two people in the Song Dynasty who knew Zhou Dunyi very well and highly praised him. One was Cheng Taizhong, the magistrate of Nan'an. He knew that Zhou Dunyi had a deep attainment in Confucianism, and sent his two sons Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi to his disciples to study. The other was your father Li Changhao. Zhou Dunyi's learning was known to the world by the strong praise of your father and the Cheng brothers."

Zhou Dunyi, Li Hu, heard from his father that the reason why he was impressed by an article written by Zhou Dunyi, "Theory of Love for Lotus", "... I love the lotus only when it comes out of the mud but not stained, washes in the clear water but not in a charming way, straight from the middle and outside, without vines or branches, the fragrance becomes clearer from afar, and it is planted in a pavement and clean planting, and you can see it from afar but not play with it..." Li Hu has memorized this article since he was a child, but unexpectedly, its author was actually a famous scholar in the Song Dynasty.

"When your father was teaching in the Imperial Academy and the Imperial College, he did something that caused a sensation in the world, that was, he ranked Zhou Dunyi, Shao Yong, Er Cheng (Hao, Yi) and Zhang Zai as the five great scholars of the Song Dynasty, and Zhou Dunyi, who was unknown at the time, was suddenly ranked first among the five great scholars."

When Zhao Mingcheng said this, he remembered the past, and a hint of sadness appeared in his eyes.

"These five great Confucians not only made amazing achievements in Confucianism, but also created their own schools."

"The second Cheng inherited Zhou Dunyi's academic thoughts, and then went to and from the Buddha and Laozi, returned to the Six Confucian classics, and passed on the sages and the Creation Theory of Heaven. Since then, the second Cheng (Hao, Yi) Luoxue. The second Cheng has been teaching in Luoyang for a long time, so his school is called Luoxue. The second Cheng strongly opposed Wang Anshi's new law in politics and also opposed the new study that was the basis of Wang Anshi's new law in academic thoughts. In academic thoughts, the second Cheng's Luoxue and Wang Anshi's new study were even more directly confronting."

"Shao Yong founded the Mathematics of Elephant. Shao Yong's thoughts combined the three schools of Buddhism, Yi and Confucianism, and were devoted to the study of the "Book of Changes" and focused on the study of the Book of Changes. Elephant mathematics focused on the theory of cosmic occurrence and had a tendency to art, so it did not occupy a mainstream position. Shao Yong had the same views as the old party led by Sima Guang in politics, and he criticized Wang Anshi's new methods for many criticisms."

"Zhang Zai was born in Chang'an and later lived in Hengqu Town, Fengxiang Prefecture County, Shaanxi Province to give lectures. He was known as Mr. Hengqu in the world, so he called his school Guanxue. Zhang Zai's attitude towards the new law was different from the two leaders who connected the old party in politics. He adopted a relatively gentle reserved position. On the one hand, Zhang Zai advocated reform, while on the other hand, advocated gradual change and did not agree with the "sudden revolution" of the new law. At the beginning of the reform, Wang Anshi hoped to get Zhang Zai's support, but while Zhang Zai affirmed the direction of his reform, he opposed his reform methods, so the two got along silently and spoke inconsistently."

Luoxue and Guanxue belonged to Taoism in the Song Dynasty. In addition, there are two major schools, namely Wang Anshi's new academic studies, Su Xun, Su Shi and Su Che and his son Shuxue.

The Su family and his son were from Meishan, Shu, so their school was called "Shuxue".

When talking about new learning, we naturally have to mention reforms, and when talking about reforms, we have to mention party struggles. When Zhao Mingcheng talks about party struggles, he feels extremely uncomfortable. After decades of party struggles, the two factions fought each other, and finally formed a case of Yuanyou Party members, which finally stopped the disputes between the two factions.

"In the Song Dynasty, the Yuanfeng Party members were also called the New Party. The New Party was a changer. The theoretical basis of its change was the New Learning. When the Yuanfeng Party members presided over the change, they became an official school and have continued to this day."

"The Yuanyou Party members are conservative schools, also known as the old party, and the old party gradually became divided into three schools in the party struggles, namely Sima Guang's Shuoxue, the Luoxue of the two Chengs and the Shuxue of the Su father and son. Yuanxue actually refers to these three types of academics. Sima Guang was from Shanzhou, so his theory is called Shuoxue. Shuoxue focuses on history, Luoxue focuses on Taoism, while Shu also learns from Buddhism and Laozi, focusing on literature. Among these three types of academics, Shu's studies are especially banned by Shu, which is the most taboo of the new party."

Zhao Mingcheng never got tired of it and explained the Confucian school of Song Dynasty one by one.

Li Hu was not interested in Confucianism. He came to a conclusion from Zhao Mingcheng's words that the new party used the new learning as the theoretical basis for striving for reform, while the old party used the Luoxue, Shuoshexue, and Shuxue as the theoretical basis for following the old. In other words, any national policy, whether it is reform or unchange, needs to be backed by an academic idea.

The foundation of the future is in the northwest. The scholars in the northwest are mainly Luoxue and Guanxue. In addition to the orthodox Guanxue supporting moderate reforms, Luoxue and Shuoxue both oppose reforms. In this way, if you want to promote reforms, then the only academic theories available are Xinxue and Guanxue.

"Uncle, what school do you think should be the academic theory of the future changes in the Song Dynasty?" Li Hu asked immediately after Zhao Mingcheng finished roughly explaining the theories of various schools.

"Of course it's new learning." Zhao Mingcheng said without hesitation, "The Song Dynasty must insist on reform, and of course it must take new learning as the academic theoretical basis."

Li Hu remained silent.

This kind of deep-seated thing needs time to digest and understand.

"Of course the Song Dynasty needs to change, and this is unquestionable." Zhao Mingcheng said seriously, "The disadvantages caused by the original system of the Song Dynasty seriously endanger the safety of the country. If there is no change, how can there be a way out? Although the reform presided over by Cai Jing led to the transformation of the new policy, this does not mean that the new policy is wrong, and the reform is wrong." Zhao Mingcheng pointed to Li Hu and said, "Didn't you always insist on reform? Since you want to reform, of course you must adhere to the 'new study', otherwise what academic theory will be used to support the new policy?"

Li Hu looked at Zhao Mingcheng in surprise, and Li Qingzhao also heard other things from Zhao Mingcheng's words, and she was also very surprised.

"The Yuanyou Party member case cannot be reversed, and the Yuanyou Party member cannot be lifted, right?" Li Hu asked.

"Yes." Zhao Mingcheng's tone was very firm, "The Yuanyou Party member case is wrong. This case will be overturned sooner or later, but not now."

"When?" Li Hu asked.

"The day of success in the reform." Zhao Mingcheng said seriously, "The reform was not successful and the Song Dynasty was not prosperous and strong. This case could not be reversed, and the Yuanyou Party members could not be lifted."

Li Hu fainted, and this result was something he never expected.

"School disputes and academic disputes are reflected in politics, which are disputes of national policies and disputes of change." Zhao Mingcheng's tone was a little high and his emotions were a little excited. "If you use the Yuanyou Party members and the Yuanyou academics, you can only follow the old and there is no possibility of drastic reforms. Take a step back and you can use the Yuanyou Party members, but if you want to insist on reform, you must use the Yuanfeng Party members. In this way, the new and old parties are in power together, then the party struggle will inevitably break out. For this reason, the two parties are fighting each other and fighting. How can the reform continue? Learn from the past, the army of the future, decades of party struggles have caused great harm to the Song Dynasty, and we must never repeat the same mistakes."

Li Hu lowered his head and pondered.

Li Qingzhao couldn't help it anymore. She asked angrily: "The Supreme Emperor and Cai Jing launched the Yuanyou Party's case and drove the Yuanyou Party out of the court. The party struggles were gone, and the reform was drastic, but what was the result? Is the Song Dynasty prosperous and strong? Is the new policy successful?"

"The Supreme Emperor and Cai Jing's approach was not wrong. He drove the Yuanyou Party out of the court, expelled the conservatives from Bian Jing, and Dingguo, and fully implemented the new policy, without any mistakes." Zhao Mingcheng pointed at Li Hu and said, "If he wants to succeed in the future, he must also take this path, and only by following this path can he have hope."

Li Qingzhao was so angry that her eyes were wide open, and she almost turned against Zhao Mingcheng. Zhao Mingcheng's father Zhao Tingzhi was the new party, and Zhao Tingzhi was one of the initiators of the Yuanyou Party's case. It was natural for Zhao Mingcheng to support the reform and support the driving away the old party. However, the couple has lived together for more than ten years. Zhao Mingcheng hid very well and never revealed his true thoughts. But today Zhao Mingcheng finally spoke the truth.

"You have been lying to me?" Li Qingzhao was so angry that she blushed and stood up, "You have actually lied to me for more than ten years."

"Don't just think about your Li family. You have to take into account the interests of the Song Dynasty and think about the millions of people in the Song Dynasty." Zhao Mingcheng said seriously, "For the Song Dynasty, if you want long-term stability, there is only one way to change. For the millions of people in the Song Dynasty, only change can make them live and work in peace. For the change, you can only use power as a backing and speak in one voice, otherwise the change will definitely fail."

"How could there be only one voice in the court?" Li Qingzhao said sternly, "The old party members have Shuoxue, Shuxue and Luoxue. Isn't the new party also full of factions?"

"Because of this, and because we need to absorb the lessons of party struggles and the lessons of the transformation of the new policy, in the future, we must ensure that the two driving forces of change are completely different from those in the past." Zhao Mingcheng said excitedly, "In the future, we must not only ensure that the emperor who launched the change will continue to insist on the change, but also ensure that the ministers who implemented the change will no longer fall into the disaster of party struggles. Therefore, we don't want any of the new party or the old party, and they have become history."
Chapter completed!