Adrian looked for it from the box I carried with me, then took out a rolled-up drawing and handed it to Yang Jing, "This is the overall rendering of the building I designed at that time. Look at how it looks. To be honest, when I handed this design to Prince Alvaleid, I was actually a little reluctant to leave, because the overall style of the building I designed was not very suitable for the folk customs of Saudi Arabia, but it is more suitable for your China. You also know that I have designed two super high-rise buildings in China, one is Jinmao Building and the other is Zifeng Building, so I am full of love for this country, and this design plan is more in line with the traditional Chinese style."
Yang Jing opened the rendering and was immediately attracted by the building drawn on it.
The aerial view of this building is a slightly deformed five-pointed star pattern, not a positive five-pointed star, but a little change. As for the front rendering, it is a spire that looks like a triangular pyramid. The bottom of the building is the largest, but the building continues to shrink as the height increases, and it shrinks to a spire to the top.
Overall, it looks like a triangular thorn is erected on the ground, piercing the sky.
"Haha, you can see that, I originally named this building Five Star Tower, because the overall structure of this building presents a five-pointed star pattern, and the five-pointed star is of special significance to China. At the same time, this building can also be called the Five Elements Tower, gold, wood, water, fire and earth. In your ancient civilization inheritance of China, the Five Elements are also one of the most important inheritances. The five corners of this building represent the mysterious Five Elements."
"Well, it's pretty good! I like this design plan very much. But Ade, where did your design inspiration come from?"
"Haha, this sounds a bit like a coincidence. I have a little grandson who is seventeen years old this year. More than ten years ago, when he was five years old, he was playing with a paper ball. The paper ball is composed of several positive triangle cubes, which is a toy with the scientific name of the five intersecting tetrahedron."
Yang Jing nodded. He had seen such origami toys, a very magical toy.
"Because every face of this five-intersection tetrahedron will appear in the shape of a five-pointed star, my inspiration suddenly came, so I designed this five-pointed tower based on the principle of this five-pointed tetrahedron."
After a pause, Adrian continued to explain: "We all know that triangles are the most stable structures, so many main structures in super high-rise buildings are triangles. The overall structure of this five-star tower is composed of five triangles, so from a structural point of view, the five-star tower has a very stable structure."
"Well, in fact, the architectural concept of the Burj Khalifa I designed before was to be the 'Desert Flower', with three symmetrical blooming flowers; the facade formed a spiral through 21 gradually rising backs, and the entire building was like flowers in bud. The core idea of ​​this design is actually a regular triangle structure. The Kingdom Tower I designed also originated from the design idea of ​​the positive triangle structure. If you want to build a super high-rise building, the first thing you need to ensure is that the core structure of the building must have sufficient stability, and the triangle is undoubtedly the best choice."
Yang Jing nodded and said, "Ade, your design concept is very correct. This kind of super high-rise building is the first priority."
Adrian smiled and said, "That's right, so in my design, there are almost no buildings that use steel structures. The buildings I designed are mainly steel-concrete, and then the upper part is fully steel structured."
"Hey, can any building materials be used affect the stability of the building?" Yang Jing asked in confusion.
"That's natural! The choice of building materials plays a crucial decisive role in the stability of the building! Albert, you should know that one of the most feared things about this kind of super high-rise building is earthquakes, and the other is strong winds. It is hard to say that earthquakes are not easy to say. Generally speaking, the site selection of super high-rise buildings will be chosen in areas with relatively stable geological conditions to avoid the impact of earthquakes on the building to the greatest extent. However, strong winds cannot be avoided. When designing each super high-rise building with a height of more than 400 meters, the first thing to consider is the impact of wind on the building. Because the higher the building, the stronger the wind will bear on the upper part, and the greater the displacement generated by the building will be. This is a proportional relationship and is unavoidable."
"However, if different building materials are used, the impact of wind on buildings can be minimized. In the 1960s and 1970s, there was a general consensus in the global architectural community that 'all-steel structures are better than concrete structures and are suitable for super-high-rise buildings'. So during that period, a large number of steel structure high-rise buildings were built with a height of more than 300 meters. For example, the height of the World Trade Center in New York was 412 meters, and the height of the Sears Building in Chicago was 442 meters," said Dr.
"Well, I know this. It seems that all-steel structure is not very beneficial for fire prevention, right? The World Trade Center Twin Towers that collapsed during the 9/11 incident was because the fire melted the steel structure of the building, which eventually led to the collapse of the pair of Twin Towers." Yang Jing said.
"Yes, although the steel structure reduces the overall weight of the building, as you said, an all-steel super-high-rise building is a very unfavorable factor for fire protection. If the World Trade Center Twin Towers were made of concrete structures, then perhaps the pair of Twin Towers would not eventually collapse." Adrian nodded and said.
"And, there is another unavoidable situation in super-high-rise buildings with all-steel structures, that is, the displacement of high-rises is too large. In the 1980s and 1990s, people found that all-steel structures could no longer meet the requirements of further building height increase. The reason is that the lateral stiffness of the steel structure is difficult to keep up with the rapid growth of height. In other words, this kind of super-high-rise buildings with all-steel structures have a displacement that is much greater than that of concrete structures due to wind power in the upper part."
"This can be clearly seen from the comparison between the Burj Khalifa I designed and the WTO Twin Towers. The Burj Khalifa I designed uses a new structural system with the lower concrete structure and the upper steel structure. The minus 30 meters underground to 601 meters above the ground is a reinforced concrete shear wall system; 601 to 828 meters are steel structures, of which 601 to 760 meters use a steel frame with oblique braces."
"New York World Trade Center is an all-steel structure, so the maximum displacement of the two buildings on one side reached 1,000 mm at 412 meters; while the Burj Khalifa concrete structure has a maximum displacement of only 450 mm at 601 meters. Even from the perspective of the Burj Khalifa itself, the maximum displacement of the concrete structure is only 450 mm at 601 meters, but when it reaches 760 meters at the steel frame vertex, the maximum displacement of the one side quickly increases to 1,250 mm. When it reaches 828 meters at the steel mast, the maximum displacement of the one side reaches 1,450 mm. Therefore, Burj Khalifa arranges hotels and apartments in concrete structures below 601 meters, and uses steel structures above 601 meters as office buildings. The displacement above is too large and is not suitable for living, only for offices."
Hearing this series of data, Yang Jing couldn't help but say in surprise: "The gap between all-steel structure and concrete structure is so big?"
"Yes, the gap between the choices of these two building materials is so big!" Adrian said with certainty.
The so-called floor displacement refers to a physical phenomenon commonly found in super-high-rise buildings. Generally speaking, after the height of the building exceeds a certain limit, it will cause deviation under the action of lateral stress such as wind. This is an inevitable physical phenomenon. The higher the floor, the greater the displacement.
Generally speaking, displacement refers to the amplitude of the building shaking horizontally from left to right, while single-side displacement refers to the amplitude of the building shaking to one side.
The larger the displacement, the more unstable the building is. It is very simple and it shakes too hard! If the displacement exceeds a certain limit, the building will shake more and more under the action of lateral stress, and eventually collapse. Therefore, there are strict regulations on the floor displacement coefficient of super-high-rise buildings in the construction industry. If the model of super-high-rise buildings cannot pass the wind tunnel test, it is absolutely forbidden to build the building.
After the design of a super high-rise skyscraper comes out, several models of different proportions will be made for testing. For example, the overall model of rigidity and gas elasticity is usually 500:1, while the model used to test local wind research is 250:1 or even 125:1.
This test model can intuitively reflect the impact of lateral stress on the building, thereby determining whether the building's design plan is qualified.
Adrian continued: "It is precisely because of the huge displacement gap between all-steel structures and concrete structures that since the 1980s and 1990s, reinforced concrete core cylinders and peripheral steel structures have become the basic form of super-high-rise buildings. The Jinmao Building, Zifeng Building, Burj Khalifa Tower, and the Kingdom Tower and Greenland Center I designed all adopt this structural form."
"I remember that the design standards of the Burj Khalifa were designed according to the local strong winds that occurred once in 50 years, which is 55 meters per second. As a result, when doing wind tunnel testing, the horizontal displacement of the model was in the face of strong winds that occurred once in 50 years, and the displacement data that appeared was almost no different from the maximum displacement data tested after the building was completed. So, my design back then was absolutely qualified. Therefore, in the design of this five-star tower, I also adopted a structural form similar to that of the Burj Khalifa and the Kingdom Tower. Although this design has not passed the wind tunnel test, I believe my design should meet the requirements."
"What do you mean is that this five-star tower or dragon building will also adopt this structural form?" Yang Jing asked.
"Yes, this structural form is the most suitable structural method for super-height buildings at present. Well, I mean that in terms of funding and ground pressure, this method is the best. Of course, it would be even better if it could pass the wind tunnel test. Well, you just called the building I designed the Dragon Building?"
"Haha, that's of course, because I will name this building after my company. Congratulations, Ade, I have adopted your design plan!"
Chapter completed!